ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LAW: EMERGING CHALLENGES OF LIABILITY, PRIVACY, ACCOUNTABILITY AND JUSTICE IN THE DIGITAL ERA

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the twenty-first century, influencing healthcare, finance, education, employment, policing, judicial administration, commerce, national security and public governance. The rapid development of generative AI and increasingly autonomous computational systems has, however, created legal challenges that existing regulatory frameworks were not necessarily designed to address. Questions concerning privacy, data protection, algorithmic discrimination, intellectual property, liability, transparency, due process, consumer protection and human accountability have consequently become central to contemporary legal scholarship.

The relationship between artificial intelligence and law is particularly complex because AI systems are capable of processing enormous quantities of information, generating predictions and recommendations, producing content and, in certain contexts, taking or influencing decisions traditionally performed by human actors. The resulting legal problem is therefore not simply whether AI should be regulated, but how law should allocate responsibility among developers, providers, deployers, users and other actors throughout the AI lifecycle. The challenge becomes more significant where automated systems produce harmful or discriminatory outcomes and where affected individuals cannot understand or effectively challenge the reasoning behind an AI-assisted decision