Blockchain-Based Digital Evidence: Technological Transformation of Evidence Management in the Modern Justice System

Abstract

The rapid digitization of legal and judicial processes has resulted in the increasing use of electronic records as evidence. However, ensuring the authenticity, integrity, and traceability of digital evidence remains a significant technological challenge. Blockchain technology, through its distributed architecture, cryptographic verification, and tamper-resistant recordkeeping, offers a potential mechanism for strengthening digital evidence management. This article examines the application of blockchain technology in the collection, preservation, verification, transfer, and storage of digital evidence. It explores how blockchain-based systems can create a transparent and verifiable record of evidence handling while reducing the risk of unauthorized modification. The article further examines the integration of blockchain with digital forensic systems, cloud storage, electronic records, and judicial evidence-management platforms. Particular attention is given to chain of custody, cryptographic hashing, access control, timestamping, interoperability, scalability, and privacy. The study proposes a blockchain-enabled evidence-management framework in which every significant interaction with digital evidence is securely recorded. The article concludes that blockchain can strengthen technological reliability and accountability in evidence management, although technical limitations, privacy concerns, interoperability issues, and implementation costs require careful consideration.